Our Conservation Database
Our belief is that education and exposure is the key to solving climate change. Everyone has problems that are routed in climate change but don’t realize it. Also, there are habit that many climate activists have that actually HURT the environment. So, we created a database to help educate people. We implore you to read only the sections that interest you and share what you’ve learned on social media.
Understanding Environmental Degradation
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the natural environment through the depletion of resources, destruction of ecosystems, and pollution. It happens when the environment is harmed in ways that reduce its ability to support life, whether human, animal, or plant.
Some common causes include:
Deforestation – cutting down forests, which leads to loss of biodiversity and disrupts the water cycle
Pollution – air, water, and soil pollution from factories, vehicles, and waste
Overuse of natural resources – such as mining, overfishing, or excessive water use
Climate change – rising temperatures and extreme weather caused by greenhouse gas emissions
Urbanization – expansion of cities that encroaches on natural habitats
The effects can be severe: loss of biodiversity, food and water shortages, poor air and water quality, and more natural disasters. Basically, it's when we push nature past its limit, and it starts to break down.
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The environmental degradation we are witnessing today is driven by numerous human activities that are relentlessly harming the Earth’s natural systems. One of the most pressing issues is deforestation, where large-scale logging and agricultural expansion are tearing down forests at an alarming rate. This not only destroys habitats for countless species but also reduces the planet’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide, contributing significantly to climate change. As forests disappear, biodiversity is severely impacted, with species disappearing at a rate never seen before, leading to the collapse of ecosystems that depend on these species for balance.
The oceans, once considered vast and resilient, are suffering under the weight of overfishing and habitat destruction. Unsustainable fishing practices have decimated fish populations, and the destruction of coral reefs—through both fishing and pollution—has left marine ecosystems fragile and unable to sustain life as they once did. Meanwhile, the oceans are absorbing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide, leading to ocean acidification that harms marine life, especially species with calcium carbonate shells, such as corals and mollusks. These disruptions in the marine food chain threaten the livelihoods of millions who rely on fishing for food and income.
Pollution is another major driver of environmental degradation. The accumulation of plastic waste in oceans, rivers, and on land is not only choking wildlife but also releasing toxic chemicals into ecosystems. Air pollution, from industrial activity and transportation, has resulted in smog, respiratory diseases, and the warming of the atmosphere, which feeds into climate change. Similarly, soil erosion caused by agriculture and urban development reduces the planet’s ability to grow food, exacerbating food security issues while also contributing to desertification, which is turning once-productive land into barren wasteland.
These interconnected issues—deforestation, overfishing, pollution, and climate change—are all symptoms of a broader ecological collapse that threatens the planet's ability to support life. The continued degradation of natural resources puts immense strain on both human populations and wildlife, leading to conflicts over dwindling resources and even large-scale migration. The resulting planetary crisis calls for urgent and coordinated global action to protect biodiversity, restore ecosystems, and shift towards sustainable practices to ensure the health and survival of our planet for future generations.
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The most famous form of environmental degradation is climate change, which refers to long-term changes in temperatures and weather patterns, which normally occur naturally but are now primarily driven by human activities, especially since the 1800s. The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas is the main cause, producing greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to rising global temperatures. Key contributors to these emissions include transportation, energy, industry, agriculture, and deforestation.
The most famous culprit is greenhouse gases like CO2, methane, and water vapor trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the "greenhouse effect." When light (photons) from the Earth hits a CO2 molecule, the bonds between carbon and oxygen atoms vibrate, absorbing the energy and preventing it from escaping into space. This process warms the atmosphere. While CO2 primarily absorbs infrared light with a wavelength of around 15 microns, sunlight has shorter wavelengths and is not blocked by CO2. CO2 is particularly impactful because it remains in the atmosphere for over a century, unlike methane, which lasts around 12 years. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, add more CO2 to the atmosphere than can be naturally removed, contributing to climate change.
Climate scientists have shown that human activities are responsible for nearly all global warming over the past 200 years. Human-induced greenhouse gas emissions are causing the planet to warm faster than at any time in the past 2,000 years. Earth's surface temperature is now about 1.2°C warmer than in the late 1800s, and the last decade (2011-2020) was the warmest on record.
Climate change involves more than just rising temperatures. It affects the entire Earth system, leading to severe consequences such as droughts, water shortages, wildfires, rising sea levels, floods, polar ice melt, catastrophic storms, and loss of biodiversity.
According to UN reports, thousands of scientists and government reviewers agree that limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C is crucial to avoid the worst impacts of climate change and maintain a livable environment. However, current policies could lead to a temperature increase of up to 3.1°C by the end of the century.
Global greenhouse gas emissions come from all regions but are unevenly distributed. In 2023, the six largest emitters—China, the U.S., India, the European Union, Russia, and Brazil—were responsible for over half of all emissions, while the 47 least developed countries contributed just 3%. Although everyone must take climate action, countries with higher emissions bear greater responsibility for leading the effort.
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The decade from 2011 to 2020 was the hottest on record, with global temperatures 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels by 2019. Human-caused global warming is rising at 0.2°C per decade. A 2°C increase from pre-industrial levels poses significant risks to the environment and human health, potentially leading to catastrophic changes. Consequently, the international community aims to limit warming to well below 2°C, ideally to 1.5°C.
The primary cause of climate change is the greenhouse effect, where certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere function similarly to greenhouse glass, trapping solar heat and preventing it from escaping into space, thus leading to global warming. While many greenhouse gases occur naturally, human activities have significantly increased the levels of several, notably:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Methane
- Nitrous oxide
- Fluorinated gases
By 2020, human-induced CO2 emissions had caused its atmospheric concentration to rise by 48% compared to pre-industrial levels (before 1750), making it the largest contributor to global warming. Methane, although more potent than CO2, remains in the atmosphere for a shorter duration, while nitrous oxide is long-lasting like CO2, accumulating over extended periods. Additionally, non-greenhouse pollutants like aerosols have varying effects on warming and cooling and are linked to air quality issues.
Natural factors, such as fluctuations in solar radiation and volcanic activity, are estimated to have contributed only about ±0.1°C to the overall warming from 1890 to 2010.
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"Global climate change is not a future problem. Changes to Earth’s climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are already having widespread effects on the environment: glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, river and lake ice is breaking up earlier, plant and animal geographic ranges are shifting, and plants and trees are blooming sooner.
Effects that scientists had long predicted would result from global climate change are now occurring, such as sea ice loss, accelerated sea level rise, and longer, more intense heat waves." (NASA Science 1).
This quote from NASA highlights that global climate change is not just a future issue but a present reality. Human activities, particularly the emission of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, are already causing significant changes to the Earth's environment. The effects include the shrinking of glaciers and ice sheets, earlier ice breakups in rivers and lakes, and shifts in the geographic ranges of plants and animals. Additionally, plants and trees are blooming earlier in response to changing temperatures.
The quote emphasizes that many of the impacts scientists have long warned about—such as the loss of sea ice, rising sea levels, and more frequent and intense heat waves—are happening now. These changes confirm predictions made about the consequences of climate change, showing that its effects are widespread and accelerating.
🌿 Environmental Degradation (Everyday Signs)
Trash and plastic in parks, rivers, or on the beach
Fewer bees or butterflies in gardens or parks
Dry, cracked soil where grass or crops used to grow
Smog or haze in the air—especially in big cities
Boil water advisories due to unsafe drinking water
Dead fish or animals in local waterways
Rivers or lakes drying up or getting very low
Forest fires becoming more common nearby
Erosion on coastlines or hillsides
Less wildlife in areas where there used to be lots (e.g., no more frogs or birds)
🔥 Climate Change (Everyday Signs)
Hotter summers or heatwaves that feel more intense than they used to
More extreme weather—floods, storms, or snow in weird seasons
Higher electricity bills due to more AC usage
Crops and food prices going up because of droughts or bad harvests
Allergies getting worse or lasting longer
Shorter winters or barely any snow in places that used to get a lot
Water restrictions in your city or town
Insects like mosquitoes showing up earlier and in bigger numbers
More power outages during storms or heatwaves
People moving away from certain areas due to fires, floods, or storms
These changes might seem small individually, but they all add up. It’s nature telling us something’s off. Want a visual version of this list or how it affects people economically or socially too?
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The Fourth National Climate Assessment, published in 2018, cautioned that failing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change could severely disrupt the U.S. economy. Rising temperatures, sea level increases, and extreme weather events threaten property and essential infrastructure, adversely impacting human health, productivity, and various sectors including agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and tourism. As energy demands rise, water supplies will be strained, and damages abroad could disrupt U.S. trade and supply chains.
A recent study analyzed the potential economic impacts of climate change across 22 sectors under two scenarios: a rise of 2.8°C or 4.5°C by 2100. If temperatures rise by 4.5°C, the cost could reach $520 billion annually; maintaining a rise at 2.8°C could save $224 billion. The U.S. stands to incur significant economic losses, second only to India.
The economic effects of climate change are already evident, with North America suffering $415 billion in losses from climate disasters over the past three years, largely from wildfires and hurricanes. Specific events, like Hurricane Harvey in 2017 and Hurricane Sandy in 2012, resulted in massive damages. While it's challenging to directly link climate change to individual hurricanes, warmer temperatures and higher sea levels are known to increase their intensity.
Agriculture is particularly vulnerable, with extreme rainfall in the Midwest leading to significant losses in crops and livestock. Flooding and increased heat threaten crop yields, potentially reducing corn and soybean production by 25% by 2050. Infrastructure, including critical facilities and military bases, faces risks from sea level rise and extreme weather, potentially resulting in trillions of dollars in asset losses.
Human health is at stake, with rising temperatures projected to cause thousands of additional deaths and substantial economic losses due to heat-related illnesses. Increased warmth and precipitation will heighten the risk of diseases, while extreme weather may exacerbate mental health issues, particularly affecting vulnerable populations.
The tourism sector could face significant losses from diminished winter recreation opportunities and declining water quality due to algae blooms. Additionally, businesses will likely experience disruptions from extreme weather, increased resource costs, and potential regulatory changes.
However, climate change also presents opportunities for innovation and new markets, particularly in clean energy, green infrastructure, and sustainable technologies. Businesses and financial institutions must assess their vulnerabilities to climate change, while governments should invest in resilience and proactive measures to mitigate risks.
In summary, addressing climate change is not just a matter of avoiding losses but also an opportunity for economic growth and innovation. As noted by economist Joseph Stiglitz, investing in preventive measures is crucial to avoid much higher costs in the future. -
Climate change impacts essential aspects of life, including health, food security, housing, safety, and work. Vulnerable populations, such as those in small island nations and developing countries, are already facing severe challenges. Rising sea levels and saltwater intrusion have forced entire communities to relocate, while prolonged droughts increase the risk of famine. In the future, the number of people displaced by weather-related events is expected to grow significantly. There are other indirect effects of climate change including:
1. Food and Water Shortages
Changing weather patterns, droughts, and floods reduce crop yields, leading to higher food prices and hunger.
Melting glaciers and altered rainfall patterns reduce freshwater availability, causing conflicts over water resources.
2. Increased Health Issues
Rising temperatures spread diseases like malaria and dengue fever to new regions.
Poor air quality from wildfires and pollution leads to respiratory illnesses and heart problems.
Heatwaves increase heat-related deaths, especially among vulnerable populations.
3. Economic Instability
Climate disasters damage infrastructure, disrupt businesses, and increase insurance costs.
Agricultural losses hurt farmers and lead to higher food prices, affecting the global economy.
Climate-related migration puts financial pressure on cities and governments.
4. Mass Migration and Climate Refugees
Rising sea levels force people to leave coastal homes.
Droughts and desertification make land uninhabitable, pushing communities to migrate.
Climate refugees strain urban centers, increasing competition for jobs, housing, and resources.
5. Political and Social Conflicts
Water and food scarcity can lead to conflicts between nations and communities.
Resource shortages may fuel extremism and political instability in already fragile regions.
Migration due to climate disasters can create tensions in host countries.
6. Impact on Wildlife and Ecosystems
Habitat destruction forces animals to migrate, leading to imbalances in ecosystems.
Changes in fish populations affect industries and the livelihoods of coastal communities.
The collapse of ecosystems (like coral reefs) disrupts entire food chains.
7. Supply Chain Disruptions
Extreme weather damages transportation networks, delaying shipments of goods.
Agricultural losses cause shortages in food and raw materials, increasing prices.
Rising sea levels threaten major ports and trade hubs.
These indirect effects show that climate change isn’t just an environmental problem—it’s a global crisis affecting every aspect of human life. Addressing it requires urgent action at local, national, and international levels.
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Coral Reefs
What is happening?
Coral Bleaching – Rising ocean temperatures due to climate change cause corals to expel the algae that provide them with nutrients, turning them white and making them vulnerable to death.
Ocean Acidification – Increased CO₂ absorption lowers ocean pH, weakening coral skeletons and making it harder for corals to grow and repair.
Overfishing – The removal of key species, such as herbivorous fish, disrupts the coral reef ecosystem and allows algae to overgrow, smothering corals.
Coastal Development – Construction along coastlines leads to sedimentation, which clouds the water, blocks sunlight, and suffocates corals.
Pollution and Runoff – Agricultural and urban runoff, including pesticides, fertilizers, and sewage, introduce harmful chemicals and excess nutrients that promote algal blooms, suffocating reefs.
Destructive Fishing Practices – Techniques like blast fishing (using explosives) and cyanide fishing (stunning fish with poison) destroy coral structures and harm marine life.
Marine Debris and Plastic Pollution – Plastics entangle or smother corals, introducing toxic substances and facilitating disease spread.
Tourism and Recreational Damage – Unregulated tourism, including careless snorkeling, diving, and boat anchoring, physically damages corals.
Coral Mining – Harvesting coral for construction materials, souvenirs, and aquariums depletes reef ecosystems and slows recovery.
Invasive Species Spread – Human activity facilitates the spread of invasive species, like the crown-of-thorns starfish, which preys on corals and disrupts reef balance.
Why do we need them?
Biodiversity Hotspots – Coral reefs support about 25% of all marine species, providing habitat, food, and breeding grounds for countless organisms.
Coastal Protection – Reefs act as natural barriers, reducing wave energy and protecting shorelines from erosion, storm surges, and tsunamis.
Fisheries and Food Security – Millions of people rely on coral reefs for fish and seafood, which provide essential protein and economic stability.
Medical Discoveries – Coral reef organisms are a source of potential medicines, including treatments for cancer, bacterial infections, and pain relief.
Tourism and Recreation – Coral reefs generate billions of dollars annually through activities like diving, snorkeling, and eco-tourism, supporting local economies.
Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling – Reefs help regulate ocean chemistry by cycling carbon and nitrogen, which maintains water quality and marine ecosystem balance.
Livelihoods and Economic Benefits – Over 500 million people depend on coral reefs for jobs in fishing, tourism, and coastal industries.
Cultural and Spiritual Significance – Many coastal communities, including Indigenous groups, have deep cultural, historical, and spiritual connections to coral reefs.
Oxygen Production – Corals, along with marine algae and other organisms, contribute to global oxygen production, benefiting life on Earth.
Indicator of Ocean Health – The state of coral reefs reflects overall ocean health, serving as an early warning system for environmental changes and climate impacts.
Rain Forest
What is Happening?
Deforestation – Large-scale logging and land clearing for agriculture, mining, and urban expansion are rapidly destroying rainforest habitats.
Climate Change – Rising temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns disrupt rainforest ecosystems, leading to droughts and increased tree mortality.
Biodiversity Loss – The destruction of rainforests threatens millions of plant and animal species, pushing many toward extinction.
Illegal Wildlife Trade – Rainforests are heavily exploited for exotic pets, traditional medicine, and luxury goods, driving species like jaguars and parrots to endangerment.
Agricultural Expansion – Rainforests are cleared for palm oil plantations, cattle ranching, and soybean farming, reducing habitat and increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
Mining and Resource Extraction – The demand for gold, oil, and other minerals leads to deforestation, pollution, and destruction of indigenous lands.
Infrastructure Development – Roads, dams, and urban expansion fragment rainforests, making it harder for species to migrate and survive.
Soil Degradation – Deforestation and unsustainable farming practices strip away nutrient-rich topsoil, making it difficult for forests to recover.
Pollution and Contamination – Pesticides, industrial waste, and oil spills poison rivers and soil, harming both wildlife and indigenous communities.
Wildfires and Forest Degradation – Human activities, such as slash-and-burn agriculture, increase the frequency and intensity of forest fires, devastating ecosystems.
Why Do We Need Them?
Oxygen Production – Rainforests are often called the "lungs of the Earth" because they produce about 20% of the world’s oxygen.
Carbon Storage – Rainforests absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide, helping mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas levels.
Biodiversity Hotspots – Over 50% of the world’s species, including rare and endangered plants and animals, live in rainforests.
Regulation of Weather Patterns – Rainforests influence local and global weather by maintaining humidity and rainfall cycles.
Water Cycle Maintenance – Trees in rainforests release moisture into the atmosphere, helping to sustain rivers and prevent droughts.
Medicinal Discoveries – Many modern medicines, including treatments for cancer, malaria, and pain relief, are derived from rainforest plants.
Livelihoods and Indigenous Communities – Millions of people, including indigenous groups, depend on rainforests for food, shelter, and cultural identity.
Prevention of Soil Erosion – Dense tree roots hold soil together, preventing landslides, flooding, and the loss of fertile land.
Economic Value – Rainforests support sustainable industries like ecotourism, which provide jobs and economic stability without destroying the environment.
Home to Unique Ecosystems – From the Amazon to the Congo, rainforests sustain rare ecosystems that cannot be found anywhere else on Earth.
Arctic
What is Happening?
Climate Change and Rising Temperatures – The Arctic is warming nearly four times faster than the global average, causing ice to melt at unprecedented rates.
Sea Ice Loss – Melting sea ice reduces habitat for polar bears, seals, and other wildlife, while also disrupting global ocean currents and weather patterns.
Permafrost Thawing – The melting of frozen ground releases stored carbon and methane, accelerating climate change and leading to land collapses.
Biodiversity Decline – Arctic species, such as the polar bear and Arctic fox, are struggling to adapt to changing conditions, leading to population declines.
Oil and Gas Exploration – Increased human activity in the Arctic for fossil fuel extraction threatens wildlife, disrupts ecosystems, and increases the risk of oil spills.
Pollution and Contaminants – Toxins from industrial activity, such as heavy metals and microplastics, accumulate in Arctic waters and food chains, harming both wildlife and Indigenous communities.
Shipping and Industrial Expansion – Melting ice opens new shipping routes, leading to habitat destruction, oil spills, and an increase in underwater noise pollution that affects marine mammals.
Ocean Acidification – Increased CO₂ absorption is making Arctic waters more acidic, threatening marine life such as shellfish and plankton, which form the base of the food chain.
Overfishing – Unsustainable fishing practices in the Arctic threaten fish populations and disrupt the delicate balance of marine ecosystems.
Loss of Indigenous Ways of Life – Arctic Indigenous communities, such as the Inuit and Sámi, rely on stable ice and ecosystems for hunting, fishing, and cultural traditions, all of which are now at risk.
Why Do We Need Them?
Regulates Global Climate – The Arctic helps cool the planet by reflecting sunlight off its ice (albedo effect), preventing further global warming.
Controls Ocean Circulation – Arctic ice helps drive global ocean currents, which regulate temperatures and weather patterns worldwide.
Carbon Storage – Permafrost locks away vast amounts of carbon, preventing it from entering the atmosphere and worsening climate change.
Biodiversity Haven – The Arctic is home to unique species like polar bears, narwhals, and Arctic foxes, which are crucial for maintaining ecological balance.
Supports Indigenous Cultures – Many Arctic Indigenous communities depend on the land, ice, and wildlife for food, shelter, and cultural identity.
Impacts on Global Weather – Changes in the Arctic can lead to extreme weather events worldwide, including harsher winters and stronger storms.
Fishery Resources – Arctic waters are rich fishing grounds that provide food and economic benefits to many nations.
Scientific Discoveries – The Arctic serves as a natural laboratory for studying climate change, marine biology, and extreme ecosystems.
Protection Against Rising Sea Levels – Arctic ice helps keep sea levels stable; its rapid melting contributes to coastal flooding worldwide.
Home to Unique Ecosystems – The Arctic supports complex ecosystems, from tundra landscapes to icy seas, which play a crucial role in Earth’s overall health.
Prairie
What is Happening?
Agricultural Expansion – Large portions of prairies have been converted into farmland, reducing native grasslands and disrupting ecosystems.
Overgrazing – Excessive grazing by livestock depletes native vegetation, leads to soil erosion, and damages habitats for wildlife.
Urban Development – Cities and infrastructure expansion have fragmented prairie ecosystems, making it harder for species to migrate and thrive.
Fire Suppression – Natural fires, which are essential for maintaining prairie ecosystems, are often prevented, leading to the overgrowth of woody plants and invasive species.
Invasive Species – Non-native plants and animals outcompete native species, reducing biodiversity and altering prairie ecosystems.
Soil Degradation and Erosion – Plowing and intensive farming practices have stripped prairie soils of nutrients and made them more vulnerable to erosion.
Climate Change – Rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns threaten the delicate balance of prairie ecosystems, leading to droughts and habitat loss.
Loss of Pollinators – The decline of bees, butterflies, and other pollinators due to habitat destruction and pesticide use disrupts prairie plant reproduction.
Water Diversion and Drainage – Wetlands and natural water sources in prairies are often drained for agriculture, reducing available water for wildlife and plant life.
Hunting and Poaching – Overhunting of key species like bison and prairie dogs has disrupted food chains and ecosystem stability.
Why Do We Need Them?
Biodiversity Hotspots – Prairies support diverse wildlife, including bison, prairie dogs, foxes, and a variety of bird species.
Carbon Sequestration – Native prairie grasses store carbon in their deep root systems, helping to reduce greenhouse gas levels.
Soil Health and Fertility – Prairie plants prevent erosion, improve soil structure, and naturally fertilize the land.
Water Filtration – Prairie ecosystems filter rainwater, improving groundwater quality and replenishing aquifers.
Flood Control – Grasslands absorb excess rainwater, reducing the risk of floods in surrounding areas.
Supports Pollinators – Prairies provide essential habitats for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators that are crucial for food production.
Cultural and Historical Importance – Many Indigenous communities have deep connections to prairie landscapes, relying on them for food, medicine, and traditions.
Livestock Grazing Benefits – When managed sustainably, prairies provide high-quality forage for livestock while maintaining ecological balance.
Prevention of Desertification – Healthy prairies help prevent land degradation and desertification in dry regions.
Scenic and Recreational Value – Prairies offer beautiful landscapes for hiking, wildlife watching, and eco-tourism.
Swamps
What is Happening?
Drainage for Development – Many swamps have been drained to make way for agriculture, housing, and infrastructure, leading to habitat destruction.
Pollution and Runoff – Industrial waste, agricultural chemicals, and sewage contaminate swamp waters, harming plant and animal life.
Climate Change – Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns disrupt swamp ecosystems, leading to habitat loss and increased evaporation.
Deforestation – Logging and land clearing remove trees and vegetation that help maintain the delicate balance of swamp ecosystems.
Invasive Species – Non-native plants and animals outcompete native species, altering swamp habitats and food chains.
Overfishing and Hunting – The unsustainable harvesting of fish, amphibians, and reptiles disrupts the swamp’s ecological balance.
Water Diversion – Dams, canals, and levees alter natural water flow, reducing the ability of swamps to filter water and support wildlife.
Peat Extraction – The removal of peat from swampy wetlands for fuel or gardening releases stored carbon, contributing to climate change.
Oil and Gas Exploration – Drilling and pipeline construction in swamps lead to pollution, habitat destruction, and an increased risk of oil spills.
Urban Expansion – Expanding cities and road construction fragment swamp habitats, making it harder for species to thrive.
Why Do We Need Them?
Natural Water Filters – Swamps absorb pollutants and improve water quality by filtering out toxins and excess nutrients.
Flood Protection – Swamps act as natural sponges, absorbing excess rainwater and reducing the risk of flooding in nearby areas.
Carbon Storage – Swamps, especially peat wetlands, store large amounts of carbon, helping to mitigate climate change.
Biodiversity Hotspots – Swamps support diverse wildlife, including alligators, frogs, fish, birds, and countless plant species.
Habitat for Endangered Species – Many threatened species, such as the Florida panther and whooping crane, rely on swamps for survival.
Storm Protection – Coastal swamps and mangroves act as natural barriers against hurricanes and storm surges, protecting inland communities.
Groundwater Recharge – Swamps help replenish underground water sources, ensuring a steady supply of fresh water.
Supports Fisheries – Many fish species rely on swamps for breeding and nursery habitats, supporting commercial and recreational fishing industries.
Cultural and Historical Significance – Swamps hold deep cultural and historical value for Indigenous peoples and local communities.
Tourism and Recreation – Swamps attract visitors for eco-tourism activities like birdwatching, kayaking, and wildlife photography, supporting local economies.
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How Climate Change Affects These Areas
Portugal: Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts are increasing the risk of wildfires, devastating forests, and threatening agriculture. Coastal cities like Lisbon face sea level rise and stronger storms.
Florida: More frequent and intense hurricanes, rising sea levels, and flooding are endangering coastal communities. Saltwater intrusion is also contaminating freshwater supplies.
California: Wildfires have become more extreme due to hotter, drier conditions, while droughts threaten water availability. Coastal erosion and sea level rise put cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco at risk.
Australia: Worsening heatwaves, coral bleaching in the Great Barrier Reef, and massive wildfires are devastating ecosystems and communities. Droughts are also straining agriculture and water resources.
Britain: Increased rainfall and flooding are damaging infrastructure, while rising sea levels threaten low-lying coastal areas. More extreme weather patterns are disrupting agriculture and energy supplies.
Central African Area: Prolonged droughts and desertification are worsening food insecurity, while extreme weather events are displacing communities. The changing climate is also affecting biodiversity and water availability.
Poorer Asian Countries: Rising sea levels are threatening low-lying nations like Bangladesh, while extreme heat and typhoons are causing destruction. Many communities lack the resources to recover from climate disasters.
Brazil: The Amazon rainforest, a crucial carbon sink, is experiencing severe deforestation and drought, accelerating climate change. Rising temperatures also threaten agriculture and biodiversity.
Ecuador: Melting glaciers in the Andes are reducing freshwater supplies, while unpredictable rainfall patterns are impacting farming. Coastal communities face threats from rising sea levels and stronger storms.
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1. Around 27,000 trees are cut down each day
The world has over 3.04 trillion trees in the world. However, 27,000 of them are cut down daily to make toilet paper. This translates to about 9.8 million trees annually. One single recycled edition of the New York Times newspaper could save 75,000 tree
2. Humans use only 1% of all available water
About 71% of the earth is water. The oceans hold approximately 96.5% of this water and the ice caps hold about 2%. The remaining water exists in rivers, ponds, glaciers, ice caps, lakes, as water vapor and our taps, among other water bodies. Only 1% of the earth’s water is safe for human consumption.
3. 78% of marine mammals are at risk of choking on plastic
Seventy-eight percent of marine mammals are at risk of accidental deaths, such as getting caught in fishing nets. Plastic bags and other plastic garbage that ends up in the ocean kill over 1,000,000 sea animals every year.
4. Americans throw away 25 trillion Styrofoam cups every year
Styrofoam is not biodegradable. Switching to single use options will help cut down on Styrofoam pollution.
5. Fungi play a highly vital role in the environment
Fungi play a protective role in the environment. From digesting minerals out of rock formations to consuming fossil fuel spills, and even de-radiating the environment
6. Ants weigh more than humans
The combined weight of ants on the planet is higher than all human beings. The world has over 7 billion people, and 100 trillion ants.
7. Every three months, Americans throw enough aluminum in the landfills to build our nation’s entire commercial air fleet.
Recycling one aluminum can save enough energy to run a TV for three hours. During the time it takes you to read this sentence, 50,000 12-ounce aluminum cans are made.
8. On average, one supermarket goes through 60 million paper bags each year.
One of the best ways to cut down on single-use bags-both paper and plastic-is to switch to reusable.
9. A glass bottle can take up to 1 million years to decompose.
Glass takes a very, very long time to break down. It can take a glass bottle more than a million years to decompose in the environment, possibly even more if it’s in a landfill. This means that glass manufactured and used 5000 years ago may still be present in the environment. Because its life cycle is so long, and because glass doesn’t leach any chemicals, it’s better to repurpose and reuse it over and over again before recycling it.
10. Recycling one glass bottle saves enough energy to power a normal light bulb for about four hours.
While glass does not decompose easily, recycling it might be more beneficial to the environment. The recycling of one glass bottle not only saves energy but the energy saved can also power a normal light bulb for about four hours.
11. The world’s oldest trees are 4,600 year old Bristlecone pines in the USA.
The Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus Longaeva) has been deemed the oldest tree in existence, reaching an age of over 5,000 years old. The Bristlecone pines’ success in living a long life can be attributed to the harsh conditions it lives in. Very cold temperatures associated with high winds, in addition to a slow growth rate, create dense wood, meaning some years they grow so slowly, they don’t add a ring of growth. Learn More about these cool trees!
12. If you walk a mile along an average US highway, you will see, on average, about 1,457 pieces of litter.
According to Keep America Beautiful, if every American picked up 152 pieces of litter at the same time, we would have a litter-free nation.
13. Paper from trees can be recycled 6 times.
Paper comes from trees and can be recycled a maximum of six times, after which, its fibers become too weak to hold together. Learn More
14. There is a giant floating patch of garbage
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a twisting and turning vortex composed of trash and waste. It is twice the size of continental America and contains about 100 million tons of garbage, it stretches from the West Coast of North America to Japan along the Pacific Ocean.
15. Vital for Medicine
We need healthy ecosystems for our medicine. Primarily, we use the biodiversity of our planet to take the best traits of each species in order to combat ever-evolving illnesses. The bubonic plague was so terrible because it evolved faster than we could. The shrinking gene pool of out planet has led to less animals whose immune system we can copy. Secondly, we study how nature interacts with each other to study how animals adapt. Without this knowledge we won't be able to socially handle another outbreak.
16. Causes food prices to go up
Climate change and pollution create soil that is less rich. This is because the nitrogen and other ions escape through the polluted air instead of the plants we eat. This causes less food to be produced and therefore higher grocery bill. Not only that, but it makes countries like the United States more dependent on slave labor from other countries since those types of countries cannot grow their own food well enough to meet the demand.
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https://www.worldwildlife.org/
https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/effects/
https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2019/06/20/climate-change-economy-impacts/
https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/effects/
https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2019/06/20/climate-change-economy-impacts/
https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change
https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-do-greenhouse-gases-trap-heat-atmosphere
What Can We Do?
There's more to it than you think, and it could actually save you time and money.
The effects of environmental damage are becoming harder to ignore. From melting ice caps to shrinking forests, the planet is showing clear signs that it needs help. The important thing to remember is that we can make a difference. By making more sustainable choices, building better habits, and working together, we can start to repair the damage and protect the environment for future generations. In this section, we’ll walk through practical steps you can take to get involved. We’ve also put together some helpful tools in this section to make your journey a little easier.
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Turn Off the Lights when you exit a room
Drive Less
Recycle
Eat sustainably
Volunteer
Conserve Water
Shop Wisely
Choose Nontoxic Chemicals
Use digital sheets instead of paper
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Trust us, we understand how confusing it is to not only remember to recycle, but also what you are supposed to recycle.
Print this sheet out and hang it over your trash can to help you remember. Or for your guests to follow!
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We have found that many people don't even understand that it's possible to eat unsustainably. Well, we have found a variety of handpicked resources to help you lead a cleaner conscience.
Other Things You Can Do:
Learn to cook
Don't throw away food
Buy organic foods
Lose weight to avoid eating so many calories
Purchase from a trusted and sustainable food pantry
Companies to Consume:
Alara Wholefoods
Barnana
Good Catch
Clif Bar and Company
Island Bakery
Lundberg Family Farms
Natures Path
NOW Foods
Pukka
Bombay Sapphire
If you wish, add these to a note in your grocery list so that you can keyword search for them!
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Volunteering is a fun and rewarding way to help your community. It also looks good on a resume, heals your mind and would be an attractive thing to say on a first date! The best way to do it is to go on a website, find a place the looks fun and work there one or two times a week for an hour. Most people there are looking to meet new people so BE PREPARED TO MAKE LIFELONG FRIENDS!
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This one is not as bad as the others. Now, that being said our water sources are steadily declining so we need to do as much as we can to reduce this as much as possible
Fix Leaks
Remember to turn the sink off when you brush your teeth, shave or wash dishes
Shorten Showers or shower together (especially spouses)
Install water efficient fixtures (Low-flow shower heads, faucet and toilet enhancements)
Don't clean driveway or porch with hose, use broom
Only run dishwashers and laundry machines when fully loaded
Use a wash bucket for dishes and foods (Not together of course). This avoids an overflow of water from dripping down the drain.
These solutions will not only help the environment, but it will also keep money in your pockets.
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The easiest thing to do is to only shop for clothes at places with our Little Zoologist Stamp. However, we understand that that's not always possible. So here are other places to shop at, these are not as good as stamped companies but also in the top 50% o best companies to shop at.
Patagonia
Tentre
Allbirds
Reformation
Pact
Everlane
Armour Vert
Veja
Alternative Apparel
Ninety Percent
PELA
Outerknown
Who Gives a Crap
Beyond Meat
Nudie Jeans
Sezane
Stella McCartney
Organic Basics
Kotn
Seventh Generation
Yes Friends
Eileen Fisher
Pangaia
Project HIU
Now, that's not the only way to be a mindful shopper. There are also other little things too.
Bring your own bag instead of plastic bags
Use a reusable water bottle
Buy fewer clothes or used clothes
Buy from smaller businesses
Buy clothes made of natural fibers(Cotton, linen, wool, bamboo, flax, jute, silk and alpaca)
Avoid: Polyester, nylon spandex and acrylic (unless they were thrifted)
Buy higher quality items instead of replacing broken lower quality items
Swap items with friends instead of buying new ones
Donate items instead of throwing out. Many members of our Zoologist Family have a separate bin that they donate when it gets full!
Try to fix items yourself. Whether this be sewing clothes or gluing action figures, this does wonders for our planet and could give you a new hobby
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It's difficult to find what chemicals to avoid. You might find yourself reading the label, mispronouncing the words and realizing that you don't know what your looking for! Well, if you took the step to try initially, then you should be extremely proud of yourself. Also, if you never thought about it in the first place, then we are glad to help you now! Here are resources we all can use to clean our air and water.
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List of Alternate Products to Use:
Bamboo Toothbrush
Cloth Diapers
Beeswax Wraps (not plastic wrap)
LED Lights
Solar Powered gadgets
Zero-Waste Shampoo/Soap
Stainless Steel Straws
Electric Lawn Mower
Organic Food
Natural Fibers (instead of synthetic)
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It’s Not Your Fault
Realistically there is no way to fix the environment unless everyone gets involved. The habit changes you make can prolong it by a few years until we as a society are ready to make big changes. But YOU have the POWER to make corporations change. Why should you use paper straws while big business dumps waste into the ocean and fly private jets? This is how you take power into your own hands.
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There are many societal tricks that the authorities use to make sure they keep their wealth. Here is a list of things to keep in mind so that you can lead a more educated life
Worsening climate means you pay more in medical insurance
Less fresh water is good for powerful people because they are buying land with water under it to control the value
Housing prices go up because when houses get abandoned during natural disasters, then people buy the property at an extremely low price and pay extra to keep it safe. The houses change and become more modern and modified houses are worth more.
Climate change causes heavily polluted soil like that of the USA to have less nutrition. This makes those countries more reliant on slave labor and foreign land (that many wealthy people so conveniently have)
“Fast Fashion” largely targets women and is when celebrities are paid by expensive fashion companies to wear different styles all the time. This is able to happen because of the fast paced nature of social media, but it destroys the environment and your wallet. So next time you get jealous of your friends outfit, just remember styles with get repeated 12 times a year at least!
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In a democratic society you have a voice. You may not realize how much power you really have, but you have a lot of power. In the United States you can push for laws to be made to require certain standards (See epa.gov). However we encourage those in places like Europe to do the same thing. Remember, it all starts with your local government!
Hydrogen Fuel Cell - Cars -
Compostable Plates and Utensils - Fast food -
All-Natural Cleaners - Buildings -
LED Lights
Rechargeable Batteries
Solar Powered Buildings
Non-Toxic Paint - Buildings -
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By using your power, constitutional or parliamentary, you can push large businesses to…
1. Switch to Renewable Energy
Transition to solar, wind, or hydropower for electricity needs to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
2. Implement Energy Efficiency Measures
Upgrade to energy-efficient lighting, insulation, and heating/cooling systems to reduce overall energy consumption.
3. Adopt a Circular Economy Model
Focus on reusing, recycling, and reducing waste to minimize the extraction of raw materials.
4. Offset Carbon Emissions
Invest in carbon offset programs like tree planting or renewable energy projects to neutralize emissions.
5. Encourage Remote Work
Promote remote work policies to reduce commuting and associated carbon emissions from transportation.
6. Invest in Electric Vehicles (EVs)
Transition company fleets to electric vehicles or hybrids to cut down on emissions from transportation.
7. Use Sustainable Materials
Source materials from sustainable, renewable resources and prioritize recycled and upcycled products in production.
8. Reduce Water Usage
Implement water-saving technologies and practices in operations to reduce water consumption and waste.
9. Minimize Packaging Waste
Switch to recyclable, biodegradable, or reusable packaging materials to reduce plastic waste.
10. Optimize Supply Chain Efficiency
Work with suppliers to adopt eco-friendly practices and reduce the carbon footprint of the entire supply chain.
11. Promote Teleconferencing Over Travel
Encourage virtual meetings instead of business travel to reduce carbon emissions from flights and vehicle travel.
12. Set Science-Based Targets
Establish clear, science-backed carbon reduction goals and timelines in line with the Paris Agreement.
13. Use Low-Carbon Technology
Implement software, AI, and other technology that helps optimize production processes, reducing waste and energy use.
14. Eco-Friendly Manufacturing Practices
Invest in energy-efficient machinery and sustainable production techniques to lower emissions during the manufacturing process.
15. Transition to Paperless Operations
Digitize records and communications to reduce paper consumption and its environmental impact.
16. Engage in Reforestation Projects
Fund or participate in reforestation efforts to capture CO2 and restore ecosystems.
17. Educate Employees on Sustainability
Implement internal sustainability programs and educate staff about eco-friendly practices in the workplace.
18. Implement a Green Procurement Policy
Buy products and services that prioritize sustainability, from eco-friendly office supplies to sustainable raw materials.
19. Support Public Transportation
Provide incentives for employees to use public transit or carpool, reducing single-occupancy vehicle use.
20. Reduce and Recycle Waste
Set up programs to reduce waste and ensure that any remaining materials are properly recycled or composted.
By integrating these practices into their operations, companies can significantly reduce their carbon footprint, save money, and contribute to a more sustainable future.
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Here’s the list of U.S. states in alphabetical order:
Alabama
Problems:
Less nutritious soil
More floods
Coastal Erosion
Mainly Uses Coal Power (38%)
Highest carbon footprint per capita then any other state
41st in energy efficiency
Solutions:
Birmingham New Deal
Not much else because the state does not focus on climate change
Alaska
Problems:
Melting Snow
Eroded Mountains
Dramatic Weather Changes
Increased Precipitation
Thawing Permafrost
Solutions:
Vulnerability Assessment
Hazard Migration Projects
Food Security Acts
Higher Taxes on non-environmentally friendly buildings
Arizona
Problems:
Toxic air causes sickness
Water runs dry
Minerals lose ions, destroying infrastructure
Solutions:
Solar Farm Initiative put America in Position to achieve net ZERO emissions in 2050
Leader in alternative energy in America
Infrastructure Remolding Acts
Arkansas
Problems:
Increase in temperature
Destruction of mountains, (plants/animals die off which loosens sediment)
Consistent drought seasons
Increase in disease carrying insects/arachnids
Solutions:
Arkansas Protection Agency
Arkansas Game and Fish Commission
Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program
Higher Taxes on non-environmentally friendly buildings
California
Problems:
Intense wildfires destroying homes and ecosystems
Frequent droughts affecting agriculture and water supply
Rising sea levels threatening coastal cities
Poor air quality in urban areas
Solutions:Cap-and-Trade Program to limit carbon emissions
Investments in renewable energy, especially solar and wind
Strict vehicle emission standards
Water conservation initiatives and desalination projects
Colorado
Problems:
Increasingly severe wildfires
Water scarcity due to shrinking snowpack
Ecosystem shifts impacting wildlife and plant life
Solutions:Colorado Water Plan to address drought and water conservation
Reforestation programs to mitigate wildfire risk
Expansion of renewable energy resources
Connecticut
Problems:
Coastal erosion threatening communities
Increased flooding from heavy rainfall
Rising temperatures impacting public health
Solutions:Connecticut Institute for Resilience and Climate Adaptation (CIRCA)
Coastal resilience projects to combat erosion
Incentives for solar panel installation and electric vehicles
Delaware
Problems:
Rising sea levels threatening low-lying areas
Frequent coastal flooding
Saltwater intrusion impacting freshwater sources
Solutions:Delaware Climate Action Plan to reduce greenhouse gases
Wetland restoration projects to manage flooding
Energy efficiency programs for homes and businesses
Florida
Problems:
Coastal erosion and rising sea levels
Increased hurricane intensity and frequency
Threats to coral reefs and marine ecosystems
Solutions:Florida Resilient Coastlines Program
Investment in seawalls and improved drainage systems
Coral reef restoration efforts
Georgia
Problems:
Increased droughts and water shortages
Extreme heat waves impacting public health
Coastal flooding from rising sea levels
Solutions:Georgia Climate Project to address climate resilience
Investments in solar power development
Sustainable agriculture initiatives
Hawaii
Problems:
Coastal erosion impacting beaches and infrastructure
Coral bleaching due to ocean warming
Rising temperatures threatening native species
Solutions:Hawaii 2045 Sustainability Plan
Extensive solar energy expansion
Reforestation and native species protection programs
Idaho
Problems:
Increasingly severe wildfires
Drought conditions reducing water availability
Threats to salmon and freshwater ecosystems
Solutions:Water management initiatives for agriculture
Fire prevention and forest management programs
Expansion of geothermal energy projects
Illinois
Problems:
Increased flooding in urban areas
Rising temperatures impacting agriculture
Poor air quality from industrial emissions
Solutions:Illinois Climate and Equitable Jobs Act (CEJA)
Renewable energy investments, especially wind power
Expansion of electric vehicle infrastructure
Indiana
Problems:
Increased flooding in rural and urban areas
Agricultural stress due to changing weather patterns
Rising temperatures impacting public health
Solutions:Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment
Sustainable agriculture initiatives
Expanded funding for renewable energy development
Iowa
Problems:
Intense flooding damaging farmland and communities
Increased risk of drought in summer months
Loss of native prairie ecosystems
Solutions:Iowa Flood Mitigation Program
Expansion of wind energy resources
Soil conservation initiatives to protect farmland
Kansas
Problems:
Increased drought impacting agriculture
Rising temperatures reducing crop yields
More frequent severe storms
Solutions:Kansas Water Vision Plan for drought management
Investments in wind energy production
Sustainable farming practices and soil restoration
Kentucky
Problems:
Flooding in river valleys and lowlands
Increased landslides due to heavy rainfall
Rising temperatures impacting forests and agriculture
Solutions:Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet programs
Reforestation and flood control projects
Investments in solar and hydropower development
Louisiana
Problems:
Coastal erosion threatening major cities
Severe hurricane damage
Saltwater intrusion into freshwater systems
Solutions:Louisiana Coastal Master Plan
Flood protection systems and levee upgrades
Investments in wetland restoration
Maine
Problems:
Warmer ocean temperatures affecting marine life
Increased tick-borne illnesses due to rising temperatures
Forest degradation from invasive species
Solutions:Maine Climate Council initiatives
Investments in offshore wind energy
Sustainable forestry practices and conservation programs
Maryland
Problems:
Rising sea levels threatening Chesapeake Bay
Increased flooding in coastal areas
Extreme weather events becoming more frequent
Solutions:Maryland Climate Solutions Now Act
Expanded solar and wind energy incentives
Coastal resilience programs and wetland restoration
Sure! Here’s an outline of climate issues and solutions for Massachusetts through Wyoming:
Massachusetts
Problems:Coastal flooding due to sea level rise
Increased extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes)
Rising temperatures impacting public health
Solutions:Massachusetts Global Warming Solutions Act
Coastal resilience and flood protection programs
Clean Energy Standard and offshore wind energy development
Michigan
Problems:Rising lake levels causing shoreline erosion
Increased frequency of severe storms and flooding
Declining freshwater ecosystems and fisheries
Solutions:Michigan Climate Action Plan
Water infrastructure upgrades for flood prevention
Promotion of sustainable agriculture and wetland restoration
Minnesota
Problems:Increased flooding from intense rainfall
Droughts impacting agriculture
Declining forests and native species
Solutions:Minnesota Climate Action Framework
Investments in sustainable forestry and conservation
Expanded renewable energy programs (solar and wind)
Mississippi
Problems:Coastal erosion and rising sea levels
Increased frequency of hurricanes and flooding
Extreme heat affecting public health
Solutions:Mississippi Coastal Improvement Program
Investments in flood control infrastructure
Renewable energy development and energy efficiency programs
Missouri
Problems:Increased flooding and river basin changes
Severe heat waves impacting agriculture
Droughts affecting water supply
Solutions:Missouri State Climate Plan
Expansion of green infrastructure for flood mitigation
Water conservation and management strategies
Montana
Problems:Declining snowpack impacting water availability
Increased wildfires and forest degradation
Threats to wildlife from changing ecosystems
Solutions:Montana Climate Solutions Plan
Wildfire prevention and forest restoration programs
Water management strategies for agriculture and urban areas
Nebraska
Problems:Increased droughts and water scarcity
Flooding from intense rainfall events
Agricultural stress due to changing weather patterns
Solutions:Nebraska Water Sustainability Fund
Investments in soil conservation and drought-resistant crops
Renewable energy development (especially wind energy)
Nevada
Problems:Water scarcity and decreasing snowpack
Increased temperatures and drought conditions
Desertification threatening ecosystems
Solutions:Nevada Climate Initiative
Water conservation programs and desalination projects
Renewable energy investments (solar power expansion)
New Hampshire
Problems:Coastal erosion and flooding due to rising sea levels
Increased forest fire risk
Rising temperatures and heat-related health risks
Solutions:New Hampshire Climate Action Plan
Investment in clean energy technologies
Flood mitigation and coastal protection programs
New Jersey
Problems:Coastal flooding and storm surges
Rising sea levels affecting urban infrastructure
Declining air quality from industrial emissions
Solutions:New Jersey’s Global Warming Response Act
Investment in clean energy and offshore wind projects
Flood management and urban resilience programs
New Mexico
Problems:Water scarcity and drought
Wildfires and forest degradation
Threats to agriculture from changing weather patterns
Solutions:New Mexico Climate Strategy
Water conservation and management programs
Expansion of renewable energy sources (solar and wind)
New York
Problems:Rising sea levels and coastal flooding
Extreme heat events affecting public health
Increased storm intensity (e.g., hurricanes)
Solutions:New York Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act
Flood protection and coastal resilience programs
Investments in clean energy and energy efficiency
North Carolina
Problems:Increased hurricane frequency and intensity
Coastal erosion and rising sea levels
Heat waves and poor air quality in urban areas
Solutions:North Carolina Climate Change Interagency Council
Expansion of renewable energy sources
Coastal resilience and flood management programs
North Dakota
Problems:Declining water availability due to droughts
Increased wildfires and forest degradation
Impacts on agriculture due to changing weather patterns
Solutions:North Dakota Climate Action Plan
Investments in sustainable farming practices
Renewable energy expansion, particularly wind energy
Ohio
Problems:Extreme weather events, including flooding and heat waves
Poor air quality and industrial pollution
Impact on agriculture due to changing weather patterns
Solutions:Ohio Climate Action Plan
Investments in renewable energy (solar and wind)
Air quality improvement programs and energy efficiency measures
Oklahoma
Problems:Severe storms, tornadoes, and flooding
Water scarcity and drought
Rising temperatures and heat waves
Solutions:Oklahoma Climate Action Plan
Investments in flood control infrastructure
Renewable energy development (especially wind)
Oregon
Problems:Increased wildfires and forest degradation
Coastal erosion and rising sea levels
Declining salmon populations due to changing ecosystems
Solutions:Oregon Global Warming Commission
Expansion of renewable energy sources
Wildfire prevention and forest management programs
Pennsylvania
Problems:Increased flooding from intense rainfall events
Rising temperatures affecting agriculture
Declining air quality and public health impacts
Solutions:Pennsylvania Climate Action Plan
Renewable energy development, especially wind and solar
Flood management and water conservation programs
Rhode Island
Problems:Coastal erosion and sea level rise
Increased storm surge and flooding
Decreased marine biodiversity due to warming oceans
Solutions:Rhode Island Climate Resilience Action Framework
Coastal resilience programs and flood protection infrastructure
Expansion of offshore wind energy
South Carolina
Problems:Coastal flooding and erosion
Increased hurricane frequency and intensity
Rising temperatures and public health concerns
Solutions:South Carolina Climate and Energy Plan
Investments in coastal resilience and flood protection
Expansion of renewable energy resources
South Dakota
Problems:Increased drought and water scarcity
Severe flooding and extreme weather events
Agricultural stress due to changing climates
Solutions:South Dakota Climate Action Plan
Investments in sustainable farming and water management
Renewable energy development (especially wind)
Tennessee
Problems:Increased flooding and rainfall events
Heat waves affecting public health
Agriculture impacted by changing weather patterns
Solutions:Tennessee Climate Strategy
Flood control and green infrastructure initiatives
Expansion of renewable energy resources
Texas
Problems:Severe heat waves and droughts
Increased frequency of hurricanes and flooding
Wildfires and forest degradation
Solutions:Texas State Energy Plan
Expansion of wind and solar energy development
Flood management and drought-resistant agriculture programs
Utah
Problems:Water scarcity and reduced snowpack
Wildfires and air quality issues
Changing ecosystems affecting biodiversity
Solutions:Utah Climate and Clean Energy Plan
Water conservation and efficiency programs
Expansion of renewable energy resources
Vermont
Problems:Increased flooding from intense rainfall
Warmer temperatures affecting agriculture
Declining forest health from pests and disease
Solutions:Vermont Climate Action Plan
Investments in renewable energy (solar and wind)
Sustainable forestry and agriculture initiatives
Virginia
Problems:Coastal flooding and sea level rise
Rising temperatures and heat waves
Increased frequency of hurricanes and extreme storms
Solutions:Virginia Coastal Resilience Master Plan
Investments in clean energy and energy efficiency
Coastal flood protection and urban resilience programs
Washington
Problems:Coastal erosion and sea level rise
Increased wildfires and air quality issues
Declining salmon populations due to warming waters
Solutions:Washington State Climate Adaptation Plan
Investments in clean energy and carbon-free transportation
Habitat restoration and wildfire prevention programs
West Virginia
Problems:Increased flooding from intense rainfall
Declining coal industry and energy transitions
Drought and water scarcity issues
Solutions:West Virginia Climate Action Plan
Renewable energy development and transition programs
Flood mitigation and green infrastructure development
Wisconsin
Problems:Increased flooding and heavy rainfall events
Declining lake health and ecosystems
Impact on agriculture from changing weather patterns
Solutions:Wisconsin Climate Change Initiative
Investments in sustainable agriculture
Expansion of renewable energy resources
Wyoming
Problems:Decreased snowpack and water availability
Wildfires and forest degradation
Impact of climate change on agriculture and wildlife
Solutions:Wyoming State Climate Action Plan
Investments in renewable energy (especially wind and solar)
Water conservation and management strategies
But it's not enough to simply know about this, go to your town hall (or an email would suffice) and help make sure these laws get more attention. Become an educated voter, one that in turn educates your peers so that they may make the correct decisions. If people see the change they can make with simply 5 minutes of their day, we would be able to stop climate change in 2050.
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Introduction
Teddy Roosevelt is often called the "Father of Conservation," and for good reason! Back in the early 1900s, as President, Roosevelt took it upon himself to protect America’s natural wonders from the growing threats of industrialization and overuse. He was a true nature enthusiast, and he believed that America’s wild places should be preserved for future generations. During his time in office, he established 150 national forests, five national parks, and 18 national monuments, protecting roughly 230 million acres of land. Roosevelt didn’t just talk about conservation; he made it happen with his famous “big stick” approach—using his executive powers to create these protected areas, often over the objections of corporate interests. His actions laid the foundation for the modern environmental movement, showing that we could balance progress with preservation and proving that nature is worth protecting for its own sake (and ours too!).
Here is what his vision allowed to happen:
1. Clean Air Act (1970)
Description: The Clean Air Act (CAA) is a key environmental law that regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile sources. It set limits on the amounts of specific pollutants in the air, helping reduce air pollution that harms both human health and the environment. The Act has significantly reduced emissions of harmful pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, leading to cleaner air and improved public health.
Impact: It has resulted in dramatic improvements in air quality across the U.S., particularly in major cities, and has played a role in reducing health-related costs associated with air pollution.
2. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 1970)
Description: NEPA requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions before making decisions. It mandates Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) for major federal projects, ensuring that their environmental consequences are considered. This law encourages sustainable development and helps mitigate adverse impacts on the environment.
Impact: NEPA has played a critical role in preserving natural resources, protecting ecosystems, and ensuring federal decisions are made with environmental considerations in mind.
3. Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA, 2007)
Description: EISA focuses on improving energy efficiency, reducing oil dependency, and promoting renewable energy sources. It established stronger fuel economy standards for cars and trucks, increased renewable fuel standards, and promoted energy-efficient building technologies. The Act supports the shift toward cleaner, renewable energy sources like wind and solar.
Impact: This law has led to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector and has helped reduce the U.S.'s reliance on fossil fuels, contributing to cleaner air and less environmental degradation.
4. Endangered Species Act (ESA, 1973)
Description: The ESA is designed to protect and recover imperiled species and the ecosystems they depend on. It mandates that federal agencies ensure their actions do not jeopardize the existence of endangered or threatened species. This law has led to the recovery of numerous species that were on the brink of extinction.
Impact: The ESA has been instrumental in preserving biodiversity in the U.S., providing critical protections for species like the bald eagle, gray wolf, and the American alligator, as well as the habitats that sustain them.
5. The Clean Water Act (CWA, 1972)
Description: The CWA regulates the discharge of pollutants into U.S. waters and sets quality standards for surface waters. It aims to restore and maintain the integrity of the nation's waters by preventing point and nonpoint source pollution, protecting aquatic ecosystems, and ensuring safe water quality for drinking, recreation, and aquatic life.
Impact: The Clean Water Act has substantially reduced pollution in rivers, lakes, and streams, improving water quality across the nation and protecting aquatic biodiversity.
6. The Paris Agreement (2015)
Description: The Paris Agreement is an international treaty adopted by nearly 200 countries to combat climate change by limiting global warming to below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C. While not a U.S. law, the U.S. initially joined the Agreement under the Obama administration, committing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote renewable energy.
Impact: The U.S.'s participation in the Paris Agreement promotes cleaner energy development, global cooperation to address climate change, and a significant reduction in global emissions, contributing to a healthier planet.
7. Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, 2021)
Description: This law includes provisions for building clean energy infrastructure, such as electric vehicle (EV) charging networks and public transit systems. It also includes funding for environmental remediation and resilience projects to address climate impacts. By focusing on sustainable infrastructure, the law aims to reduce carbon emissions and build a more resilient future.
Impact: The law will help reduce carbon emissions from the transportation sector, promote the use of electric vehicles, and strengthen climate resilience across vulnerable communities.
8. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA, 2009)
Description: ARRA was designed to address the economic downturn from the 2008 recession and included significant funding for renewable energy projects, energy efficiency programs, and environmental conservation initiatives. It provided funding for the expansion of clean energy technologies, such as solar, wind, and geothermal power.
Impact: ARRA jumpstarted the clean energy sector and has had lasting effects on the renewable energy industry, contributing to the growth of solar and wind energy and helping reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
9. The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS, 2005)
Description: The RFS program requires a certain volume of renewable fuel (such as biofuels) to replace petroleum-based fuels in the transportation sector. This law was designed to reduce the U.S.'s dependence on imported oil and lower greenhouse gas emissions from transportation.
Impact: The RFS has contributed to the growth of the biofuels industry, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and promoting cleaner, renewable alternatives to fossil fuels.
10. The Great American Outdoors Act (GAOA, 2020)
Description: The GAOA provides funding to address maintenance backlogs in national parks and public lands, while also investing in land conservation and outdoor recreation. It fully and permanently funds the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) and aims to protect and restore natural habitats.
Impact: This Act helps conserve public lands, protects wildlife habitats, and improves the condition of national parks, contributing to the preservation of biodiversity and the health of ecosystems across the U.S.
11. The Farm Bill (1965, updated every 5 years)
Description: The Farm Bill is a large piece of legislation that covers a wide range of agricultural and food programs. It includes provisions for conservation programs that promote sustainable farming practices, protect water resources, and reduce soil erosion. It also supports land stewardship through voluntary land conservation programs like the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP).
Impact: The Farm Bill has significantly contributed to soil health, improved water quality, and biodiversity protection by encouraging sustainable land management practices in the agricultural sector.
12. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA, 1976)
Description: TSCA allows the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate the production, importation, use, and disposal of chemicals that may pose a risk to human health or the environment. The law ensures that potentially hazardous chemicals are tested and regulated before they are introduced into the market.
Impact: TSCA has helped reduce the introduction of harmful chemicals into the environment, protecting ecosystems and human health from toxic substances.
13. The Wilderness Act (1964)
Description: This Act established the National Wilderness Preservation System, protecting public lands from development and preserving them in their natural state. It limits human activities in designated wilderness areas, allowing for minimal impact on the environment while providing refuge for wildlife.
Impact: The Wilderness Act has preserved millions of acres of wildlands across the U.S., supporting biodiversity, maintaining natural ecosystems, and providing outdoor recreational opportunities.
14. The Energy Policy Act (EPAct, 2005)
Description: The EPAct aimed to address the nation's energy needs by promoting energy efficiency, expanding renewable energy sources, and ensuring the reliability of the energy grid. It provided tax incentives for renewable energy projects, energy-efficient buildings, and electric vehicles.
Impact: This Act helped stimulate the renewable energy sector, leading to a significant increase in wind, solar, and other clean energy technologies, and contributed to reducing U.S. dependence on fossil fuels.
15. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010)
Description: While primarily aimed at financial regulation, Dodd-Frank included provisions that impact environmental protection. It requires companies to disclose environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, helping increase corporate transparency regarding environmental risks and sustainability practices.
Impact: The Act encourages businesses to adopt environmentally responsible practices and ensures that investors can make informed decisions based on a company's environmental performance.
16. The National Flood Insurance Act (1968)
Description: This law created the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to provide affordable flood insurance to property owners. It incentivizes communities to adopt and enforce floodplain management regulations to mitigate flood risks.
Impact: The NFIP has helped reduce the financial burden of flooding on communities while encouraging floodplain management practices that protect natural water systems and reduce flood damage.
17. The Lacey Act (1900, amended 2008)
Description: The Lacey Act prohibits the trade of wildlife, fish, and plants that have been illegally harvested, transported, or sold. In 2008, the Act was expanded to include provisions to prevent the trade of illegally harvested timber and wood products, promoting sustainable forestry practices.
Impact: The Lacey Act has helped reduce illegal logging and wildlife trafficking, contributing to the protection of forests and biodiversity worldwide.
18. The National Park Service Organic Act (1916)
Description: The Organic Act created the National Park Service (NPS) and provided it with the mandate to preserve and manage national parks and monuments. The law emphasized both the preservation of scenic beauty and the promotion of public enjoyment of these areas.
Impact: The Organic Act has led to the conservation of some of the U.S.'s most iconic landscapes, providing long-term protection for ecosystems and species while allowing for sustainable public recreation.
19. The Low-Income Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP, 1981)
Description: LIHEAP helps low-income households pay for heating and cooling costs, weatherize their homes, and access energy-efficient appliances. While its primary focus is on reducing energy costs for vulnerable populations, it also promotes energy conservation.
Impact: LIHEAP helps reduce energy consumption and emissions from inefficient heating and cooling, contributing to lower overall demand for energy and promoting sustainable energy use in low-income households.
20. The Clean Power Plan (CPP, 2015)
Description: The CPP, developed under the Obama administration, set state-specific targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power plants. The goal was to reduce carbon pollution from the energy sector by 32% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.
Impact: Though the CPP was not fully implemented before being rolled back, it served as a strong framework for transitioning the U.S. energy sector toward cleaner, renewable sources and has influenced state-level clean energy efforts.
However, most of us know that our government isn't perfect and makes mistakes. So we also want you to be aware of policies that devastated the climate change mission so we can avoid them in the future.
1. Mineral Leasing Act (1920)
Description: This Act allows the leasing of public lands for the extraction of fossil fuels, minerals, and other resources. It facilitated the expansion of oil, gas, and coal extraction on public lands, often leading to environmental degradation, including habitat destruction and water pollution.
Impact: It has contributed to the depletion of natural resources, environmental damage from extraction activities, and pollution of surrounding ecosystems.
2. Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA, 1977)
Description: SMCRA regulates the environmental effects of coal mining. However, its provisions for land reclamation were often inadequate, and enforcement of reclamation practices has been weak, leading to significant environmental damage from mining activities.
Impact: Despite reclamation requirements, many coal mines left behind polluted waters, habitat destruction, and soil erosion, causing long-lasting damage to ecosystems.
3. Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF, 1987)
Description: While the Clean Water Act (CWA) aims to protect water quality, the CWSRF, which is meant to fund water treatment infrastructure, often prioritized urban and industrial interests over natural ecosystem restoration, leading to poor management of water resources.
Impact: It has allowed for the growth of polluting industries near water sources, leading to water contamination, habitat destruction, and the depletion of aquatic ecosystems.
4. National Forest Management Act (NFMA, 1976)
Description: The NFMA governs the management of national forests, but it allowed logging to continue in large swaths of protected forests, often resulting in deforestation, habitat loss, and disruption of biodiversity.
Impact: The policy led to unsustainable logging practices, deforestation, and increased soil erosion, reducing the ability of forests to sequester carbon and protect wildlife.
5. American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACES, 2009)
Description: While aimed at addressing climate change, the ACES Act was criticized for its reliance on carbon offsetting and trading systems that allowed corporations to continue polluting without making significant changes to their emissions.
Impact: By relying heavily on market-based solutions, the Act failed to significantly curb emissions from the most polluting sectors, delaying more aggressive action on climate change.
6. The Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956)
Description: This Act provided funding for the construction of the U.S. interstate highway system. While it facilitated transportation, it also led to widespread urban sprawl, deforestation, and destruction of habitats.
Impact: The expansion of highways contributed to increased air pollution, habitat fragmentation, and the destruction of natural landscapes as cities grew outward.
7. Reagan Administration’s Deregulation of Environmental Protections (1980s)
Description: The Reagan administration rolled back numerous environmental protections, including reducing the enforcement of the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, and removing restrictions on chemical emissions from industrial facilities.
Impact: This deregulation led to increased pollution, damage to air and water quality, and decreased public health protections, favoring industry growth at the expense of environmental sustainability.
8. Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Project (1913)
Description: The construction of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in California involved the flooding of a pristine valley in Yosemite National Park to create a water supply for San Francisco.
Impact: This action destroyed a valuable ecosystem and natural habitat, leading to permanent environmental loss and the displacement of wildlife from the region.
9. Oil and Gas Exploration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR, ongoing debate)
Description: Efforts to open up drilling in the ANWR in Alaska have been debated for decades, with policies aimed at exploiting oil and gas resources in one of the last pristine wilderness areas in the U.S.
Impact: Oil exploration and extraction in ANWR would damage delicate ecosystems, disrupt wildlife habitats, and contribute to the climate crisis by promoting fossil fuel dependence.
10. The Bison Extinction Policy (1800s)
Description: U.S. government policies in the 1800s, including military campaigns and the encouragement of commercial hunting, aimed at exterminating the American bison population to undermine Indigenous peoples and their economies.
Impact: The near-extinction of the bison caused significant harm to the Great Plains ecosystem, as bison played a critical role in maintaining grasslands and supporting a range of wildlife species.
11. Withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement (2017)
Description: President Trump announced the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, a global pact aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change.
Impact: The withdrawal undermined global climate action and signaled that the U.S. would not take the necessary steps to reduce emissions, further exacerbating global warming and its associated environmental impacts.
12. Rollbacks of Clean Power Plan (2017)
Description: The Trump administration rolled back the Clean Power Plan, which aimed to reduce carbon emissions from power plants and shift the U.S. towards cleaner energy sources.
Impact: This rollback delayed progress toward reducing emissions from the energy sector, allowing continued reliance on coal and other polluting energy sources, contributing to higher levels of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
13. Relaxing Vehicle Emission Standards (2018)
Description: The Trump administration rolled back fuel efficiency and vehicle emission standards, allowing car manufacturers to produce vehicles with higher emissions and lower fuel efficiency.
Impact: This rollback resulted in increased air pollution and carbon emissions from the transportation sector, which is one of the largest contributors to climate change.
14. Opening Public Lands to Oil and Gas Drilling (2017-2021)
Description: Under the Trump administration, public lands were opened up to oil and gas drilling, including large swaths of protected areas such as the Bears Ears National Monument and Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument.
Impact: The expansion of fossil fuel extraction on public lands led to habitat destruction, water contamination, and increased carbon emissions, further exacerbating climate change.
15. Rolling Back Clean Water Rules (2020)
Description: The Trump administration rolled back the 2015 Clean Water Rule, which expanded protections for wetlands and small streams that are crucial for maintaining water quality and preventing flooding.
Impact: This rollback allowed for greater pollution of water bodies, endangering ecosystems and public health by reducing the protection of vital water resources.
16. Environmental Deregulation (2017-2021)
Description: The Trump administration rolled back more than 100 environmental regulations, including those on air pollution, water quality, and land conservation, with the aim of reducing government oversight on industries.
Impact: The widespread deregulation led to increased pollution, habitat destruction, and weakened protections for public lands, wildlife, and human health.
17. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Rollback (2020)
Description: The Trump administration made changes to NEPA that reduced the scope of environmental reviews required for major federal projects, including oil pipelines and highways.
Impact: The changes undermined environmental oversight, allowing projects to proceed with less scrutiny regarding their environmental impact, contributing to habitat loss, pollution, and the degradation of ecosystems.
18. Allowing Pesticide Use Harmful to Bees (2017-2021)
Description: Under the Trump administration, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allowed the continued use of pesticides that are harmful to pollinators like bees, which are critical for agriculture and ecosystems.
Impact: The approval of harmful pesticides contributed to the decline of bee populations, which has long-term negative effects on biodiversity, food production, and ecosystem health.
19. Exemptions for Industrial Pollutants (2017-2021)
Description: The Trump administration granted exemptions and delays in the implementation of regulations on pollutants from industries such as mining, oil, and manufacturing, including mercury and methane emissions.
Impact: This led to increased air and water pollution, impacting human health, ecosystems, and contributing to environmental degradation.
20. The Endangered Species Act Rollback (2020)
Description: The Trump administration made changes to the Endangered Species Act (ESA) that reduced protections for threatened species and allowed more flexibility for development projects that could harm habitats.
Impact: These changes weakened the protection of endangered species and their habitats, leading to further decline in biodiversity and the disruption of critical ecosystems.
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What is Fracking?
Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is a method used to extract oil and natural gas from deep underground. It involves injecting high-pressure fluid—usually a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals—into rock formations to create cracks and release fossil fuels. While this technique has boosted energy production, it has also raised serious environmental, health, and economic concerns.
10 Reasons Why Fracking is Harmful
Water Contamination – Toxic chemicals used in fracking can seep into groundwater, polluting drinking water supplies and harming ecosystems.
Air Pollution – Fracking releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas, along with other harmful air pollutants that contribute to respiratory diseases.
Earthquakes – The injection of wastewater from fracking into deep wells has been linked to an increase in seismic activity, causing earthquakes in previously stable regions.
Excessive Water Usage – Fracking requires millions of gallons of water per well, leading to water shortages in drought-prone areas.
Destruction of Natural Habitats – Drilling operations clear large areas of land, threatening wildlife and disrupting ecosystems.
Public Health Risks – Exposure to fracking chemicals has been associated with higher rates of cancer, birth defects, and respiratory issues among nearby communities.
Contributes to Climate Change – Methane leaks from fracking sites accelerate global warming, making climate goals harder to achieve.
Economic Instability – While fracking creates temporary jobs, it often leads to boom-and-bust cycles that leave communities economically vulnerable when wells dry up.
Devalues Property – Homes near fracking sites lose value due to pollution risks, making it harder for residents to sell their properties.
Infrastructure Strain – Fracking operations increase heavy truck traffic, causing road damage and requiring costly repairs funded by taxpayers.
Despite its short-term economic benefits, fracking poses long-term threats to the environment, human health, and sustainable economic growth.
What is Blast Fishing?
Blast fishing, also known as dynamite fishing, is an illegal and destructive fishing method that involves using explosives to kill or stun fish for easy collection. The explosions create shock waves that rupture the swim bladders of fish, causing them to float to the surface. While this technique provides a quick catch, it has devastating consequences for marine ecosystems, coastal communities, and the economy.
10 Reasons Why Blast Fishing is Harmful
Destroys Coral Reefs – The explosions shatter coral reefs, which take decades or even centuries to recover, devastating marine habitats.
Kills Non-Target Species – Blast fishing indiscriminately kills marine life, including juvenile fish, sea turtles, and other marine organisms essential to ecosystem balance.
Reduces Fish Populations – Over time, blast fishing depletes fish stocks, making it harder for fishermen to sustain their livelihoods.
Threatens Marine Biodiversity – The loss of coral reefs and key species disrupts the entire marine food chain, leading to ecosystem collapse.
Pollutes Water – The chemicals and debris from explosives contaminate the water, making it toxic for marine life and coastal communities.
Dangerous to Fishermen – Handling homemade explosives is highly risky, often leading to severe injuries or death when blasts go off prematurely.
Harms Coastal Economies – Declining fish stocks hurt local fishing industries, tourism, and businesses dependent on healthy marine ecosystems.
Contributes to Poverty – As fish populations decline, communities relying on fishing face food insecurity and economic hardship.
Weakens Climate Resilience – Coral reefs act as natural barriers against storms and rising sea levels. Their destruction increases coastal erosion and vulnerability to climate change.
Illegal and Hard to Control – Despite being banned in many countries, weak enforcement allows blast fishing to persist, making conservation efforts more challenging.
Blast fishing provides short-term gains but leads to long-term environmental and economic destruction, harming both marine life and the people who depend on the ocean for survival.
What is Coal Energy?
Coal energy is the process of burning coal to generate electricity. Coal-fired power plants heat water to create steam, which spins turbines connected to generators. While coal has historically been a major source of energy, it is also one of the most environmentally harmful due to its high carbon emissions, pollution, and negative health effects.
10 Reasons Why Coal Energy is Harmful
Major Contributor to Climate Change – Coal power plants release massive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂), the leading cause of global warming.
Produces Toxic Air Pollution – Burning coal emits sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, leading to smog, acid rain, and respiratory diseases.
Causes Water Pollution – Coal plants discharge toxic heavy metals like mercury, arsenic, and lead into waterways, poisoning drinking water and harming aquatic life.
Coal Mining Destroys Landscapes – Surface mining, such as mountaintop removal, devastates ecosystems, erodes soil, and ruins natural habitats.
Health Risks for Workers and Communities – Coal miners face lung diseases like black lung, while nearby communities suffer from high rates of asthma, heart disease, and cancer due to pollution.
Produces Harmful Coal Ash Waste – After burning coal, plants generate coal ash, a toxic waste that can contaminate land and water if not properly managed.
Consumes Large Amounts of Water – Coal plants require vast amounts of water for cooling, straining water supplies in drought-prone regions.
Non-Renewable and Unsustainable – Coal reserves are finite, and reliance on coal delays the transition to cleaner, renewable energy sources like solar and wind.
Weakens Local Economies in the Long Run – While coal jobs exist, automation and declining demand have led to job losses, leaving communities economically unstable.
Infrastructure and Public Costs – The environmental damage and health crises caused by coal energy lead to billions in taxpayer-funded cleanups and medical costs.
Coal energy may provide power, but its devastating impact on the environment, human health, and long-term economic stability makes it one of the most unsustainable energy sources.
What is Hand Mining?
Hand mining, also known as artisanal or small-scale mining, is the manual extraction of minerals, such as gold, diamonds, and cobalt, using simple tools like shovels and pickaxes. It is common in developing countries where people rely on mining for income. However, this form of mining is often unregulated, dangerous, and linked to severe environmental, social, and economic problems.
10 Reasons Why Hand Mining is Harmful
Exploits Workers – Miners, including children, are often forced to work in dangerous conditions for extremely low wages, perpetuating cycles of poverty.
Causes Deadly Landslides and Cave-Ins – Unstable, unsupported tunnels frequently collapse, killing or trapping miners underground.
Leads to Child Labor – Many children are forced into hand mining due to poverty, missing out on education and suffering from poor health.
Pollutes Water Sources – Toxic chemicals like mercury and cyanide, used in gold mining, contaminate rivers and drinking water, harming communities and wildlife.
Destroys Forests and Farmland – Mining operations clear forests and degrade soil, making land unsuitable for farming and leading to food shortages.
Exposes Miners to Health Risks – Prolonged exposure to dust, toxic chemicals, and poor ventilation causes respiratory diseases, mercury poisoning, and other serious health problems.
Funds Armed Conflicts and Criminal Groups – Illegally mined minerals, known as "conflict minerals," often fund warlords, militias, and organized crime.
Reduces Long-Term Economic Growth – Instead of benefiting communities, profits from hand mining often go to corrupt officials and middlemen, leaving local populations impoverished.
Disrupts Indigenous and Local Communities – Mining displaces entire communities, forcing people to leave their homes and traditional ways of life.
Lack of Regulation and Safety Standards – Without proper oversight, miners lack protective equipment, labor rights, and medical support, making accidents and exploitation widespread.
While hand mining provides a livelihood for many, its severe human and environmental costs highlight the urgent need for better regulations, fair wages, and safer, more sustainable alternatives.
What is Shark Fishing?
Shark fishing is the practice of capturing sharks for their meat, fins, liver oil, and other body parts. It is driven by demand for products like shark fin soup, supplements, and leather. While some shark fishing is legal and regulated, much of it is unsustainable and leads to severe ecological consequences. (Most of these effects are the same for over-fishing)
10 Reasons Why Shark Fishing is Harmful
Drives Shark Populations to Extinction – Overfishing has caused many shark species to decline by over 90%, pushing them toward extinction.
Disrupts Marine Ecosystems – Sharks are apex predators that help regulate fish populations. Their loss throws ecosystems off balance, leading to overpopulation of some species and collapse of others.
Cruel and Wasteful Practices – Shark finning, where fishermen cut off fins and throw the live shark back into the ocean to die, is one of the most inhumane fishing practices.
Harms Coral Reefs and Ocean Health – With fewer sharks to control prey species, certain fish populations explode, leading to reef degradation and habitat loss.
Threatens Global Food Security – The removal of sharks destabilizes fish populations, affecting commercial fisheries and coastal communities that rely on seafood.
Contains High Levels of Mercury – Shark meat is often toxic due to high mercury levels, which can cause neurological damage in humans who consume it.
Endangers Coastal Economies – Shark-related tourism, such as diving and eco-tours, generates billions of dollars worldwide. Killing sharks threatens these sustainable industries.
Illegal and Poorly Regulated – Many countries lack enforcement against illegal shark fishing, allowing poachers and black-market trade to thrive.
Slow Reproduction Rates – Sharks take years to mature and produce few offspring, making it difficult for populations to recover from overfishing.
Violates Conservation Agreements – Many shark species are protected under international laws, yet illegal fishing operations continue to exploit them, undermining conservation efforts.
Shark fishing not only threatens marine biodiversity but also damages ocean health, economies, and food security. Urgent action is needed to strengthen protections and promote sustainable alternatives.
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For Our Travel Junkies
If you are an avid traveler, I would try and travel to these places. This is a list of 12 countries that are pioneering global conservation and ethical economies to try to change the world for the next generation.
But if you aren’t, then here are places to look at as an example of what’s possible and what changes YOU can make
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Costa Rica has become a global leader in environmental protection, focusing on conservation and sustainability through various policies and initiatives. One of the most significant actions is the Payment for Environmental Services (PES) program, which was established in 1997 to incentivize landowners to protect and restore forests. This program compensates landowners for maintaining forested areas, thus encouraging reforestation and reducing deforestation. As a result, Costa Rica has seen significant reforestation efforts, with the country increasing its forest cover from around 21% in the 1980s to over 50% today. This commitment to forest conservation has helped protect biodiversity, sequester carbon, and preserve vital water resources.
In addition to forest conservation, Costa Rica has made remarkable progress in promoting renewable energy through the National Energy Plan, which focuses on reducing the country’s reliance on fossil fuels. The country’s energy matrix is already about 99% renewable, largely driven by hydroelectric, wind, solar, and geothermal power. Costa Rica has also committed to becoming carbon neutral by 2050, which is a major step toward addressing global climate change. These initiatives are part of a broader strategy to protect natural resources, promote sustainable development, and make Costa Rica a model for environmental stewardship on the global stage.
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For starters check how "What is your state doing?" page to see the specs of each individual state. Thank you!
Arizona is making significant strides in environmental protection through a variety of legislative measures aimed at addressing the state’s unique ecological challenges. One notable example is the Arizona Climate Change Initiative, which was passed to help guide the state’s response to climate change by promoting clean energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving climate resilience. This initiative focuses on increasing the use of renewable energy sources like solar power, which is particularly relevant in a state that boasts abundant sunshine. Arizona has also incentivized the development of clean energy infrastructure and technology, providing rebates and tax credits to both residential and commercial solar energy projects.
Additionally, Arizona has enacted the Water Management Act, which plays a crucial role in managing the state’s limited water resources. With growing concerns about drought and water scarcity, this law mandates the use of more sustainable water practices for agriculture, industry, and urban areas. The act encourages water conservation, the reuse of wastewater, and the establishment of water rights to ensure equitable distribution. Arizona's proactive approach in managing water resources, combined with its investment in renewable energy, highlights the state's efforts to address pressing environmental concerns and create a more sustainable future.
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Sweden is a pioneer in environmental sustainability and climate action, consistently leading the way in efforts to reduce its carbon footprint and promote renewable energy. The country has set an ambitious goal to achieve net-zero emissions by 2045, making it one of the first countries in the world to establish such a target. Sweden is heavily invested in renewable energy, with hydropower and wind power being key contributors to the country's electricity production. In addition, Sweden has made strides in bioenergy and district heating systems, which provide energy-efficient solutions for both residential and industrial sectors. The government is also promoting sustainable transportation, including a significant push for electric vehicles and the development of green public transport networks.
Sweden’s commitment to sustainability is supported by several important laws and policies. The Swedish Environmental Code (1998) is a comprehensive piece of legislation that governs environmental protection, waste management, and pollution control. It provides the legal framework for ensuring that all developments, whether in industry or infrastructure, consider environmental impacts and adhere to strict standards. Sweden's Climate Act (2017) sets binding targets for emission reductions, ensuring that future governments must take measurable steps to meet the country’s climate goals. Furthermore, Sweden has implemented a carbon tax, which incentivizes industries and consumers to adopt low-carbon solutions by making fossil fuels more expensive. These efforts are helping Sweden transition to a more sustainable, low-carbon economy while positioning itself as a global leader in environmental protection and climate action.
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Norway has long been a global leader in environmental sustainability, prioritizing both climate action and the preservation of its natural resources. One of the country’s most notable initiatives is its commitment to achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. In line with this goal, Norway is significantly investing in renewable energy, particularly hydropower, which already accounts for over 95% of the country's electricity production. The country is also leading the way in electric vehicles, with Norway having one of the highest per capita electric vehicle adoption rates in the world. To support these efforts, Norway has implemented progressive policies such as carbon taxes on fossil fuels and subsidies for green technologies, incentivizing both individuals and businesses to transition to cleaner energy sources. Additionally, Norway is committed to protecting its extensive forests and biodiversity, balancing conservation with sustainable development.
To support its environmental objectives, Norway has enacted several important laws. The Climate Change Act of 2008 (revised in 2019) sets binding emission reduction targets and outlines the country's approach to achieving its climate goals, including annual emission reductions and the transition to a low-carbon economy. The Pollution Control Act (1981) is another key piece of legislation that regulates emissions, waste management, and pollution prevention. This law ensures that industries adhere to strict environmental standards to minimize their impact on air, water, and soil quality. Through these laws and policies, Norway is not only addressing climate change but also safeguarding its natural resources, striving to be a global model for sustainable development and environmental stewardship.
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The European Green Deal is a comprehensive set of policy initiatives and actions proposed by the European Commission in December 2019 to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. The deal aims to reduce Europe’s greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by mid-century while also fostering economic growth, creating jobs, and improving quality of life. It is central to the European Union's broader environmental and climate strategy and forms the cornerstone of the EU’s long-term sustainability vision. The Green Deal encompasses a wide range of actions, including the decarbonization of key industries, energy transition, protecting natural ecosystems, and addressing the social impact of climate change.
Key components of the European Green Deal include:
Decarbonizing the Energy Sector: The deal aims to reduce reliance on fossil fuels by promoting renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower, while also transitioning to cleaner energy solutions for heating, cooling, and transport. The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) will be expanded to cover more sectors and drive down emissions.
The "Fit for 55" Package: A central part of the Green Deal, this package is a set of proposals aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. It includes stricter emissions standards, incentivizing the shift to electric vehicles, increasing energy efficiency, and promoting green technologies.
Circular Economy: The Green Deal emphasizes moving toward a circular economy, which focuses on reducing waste and reusing materials, as well as improving the recycling rate in the EU. It includes initiatives to make products more durable, repairable, and recyclable, reducing the environmental impact of production and consumption.
Biodiversity and Nature Conservation: The deal also seeks to protect Europe’s natural ecosystems and biodiversity. This includes initiatives to restore forests, wetlands, and marine ecosystems, and to adopt policies that encourage sustainable agriculture and responsible land use.
Green Investment: The Green Deal involves a major shift in financial resources, with investments channeled into green technologies and projects. The European Investment Bank is tasked with aligning its financing portfolio with the Green Deal’s goals, and the Just Transition Fund has been established to ensure that regions and communities that rely on high-carbon industries can transition to sustainable alternatives.
The European Green Deal is designed to create a sustainable, low-carbon economy while addressing the challenges posed by climate change and environmental degradation. It aims to position the EU as a global leader in climate action, setting an example for other regions and countries to follow.
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Bhutan is renowned for its exceptional commitment to environmental conservation and sustainability. The country has achieved the remarkable status of being carbon-negative, meaning it absorbs more carbon dioxide through its forests than it emits. Bhutan’s extensive forests, which cover more than 70% of the country's land area, act as a vital carbon sink, helping to combat global warming. The government has committed to maintaining this forest cover and has implemented strong policies to protect biodiversity and natural resources. Bhutan is also known for its focus on Gross National Happiness (GNH), a development philosophy that prioritizes environmental sustainability, cultural preservation, and well-being over mere economic growth.
In terms of legal frameworks, Bhutan has passed several significant laws to protect the environment. The Forest and Nature Conservation Act of 1995 mandates the conservation and sustainable management of Bhutan's forests and wildlife, ensuring that logging and forest clearing are limited and regulated. The National Environment Protection Act (2007) establishes clear guidelines for maintaining air, water, and soil quality, promoting waste management, and addressing environmental pollution. Bhutan also prioritizes renewable energy, with almost 100% of its electricity coming from hydropower. As a result of these efforts, Bhutan is not only a global leader in environmental conservation but also a model for integrating sustainable development into national policy.
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New Zealand is a global leader in environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation, with a strong emphasis on conservation and clean energy. The country has set an ambitious target to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, and it has already made significant progress in reducing its carbon footprint. New Zealand’s electricity grid is predominantly powered by renewable energy, including hydropower, geothermal, and wind power, making the country one of the few with a largely green energy supply. New Zealand is also investing in clean transportation and sustainable agriculture, which contributes significantly to reducing emissions from the transportation and farming sectors. Additionally, the government has implemented policies aimed at improving energy efficiency and reducing waste.
The legal framework in New Zealand supports these efforts, notably through the Climate Change Response Act (2002), which established the country’s climate change policy and set long-term emission reduction targets. The Zero Carbon Act (2019) made New Zealand the first country to pass legislation requiring the government to act on climate change, with legally binding emissions reduction targets. This act also established an independent body, the Climate Change Commission, to advise the government on how to meet its climate targets and ensure a fair transition to a low-carbon economy. New Zealand also emphasizes conservation, with extensive national parks and protected areas, and is committed to protecting its rich biodiversity through its Biodiversity Strategy. By combining strong legislative action with renewable energy investments, New Zealand is leading the way in environmental stewardship and climate change action.
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Denmark is widely regarded as one of the most environmentally progressive countries in the world, with a strong focus on renewable energy, sustainable practices, and climate change mitigation. The country aims to become carbon neutral by 2050, with intermediate targets to reduce emissions by 70% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Denmark is a global leader in wind energy, particularly offshore wind farms, and has invested heavily in both wind turbine technology and infrastructure. As a result, Denmark produces nearly 50% of its electricity from wind power and has set a goal to be fully independent of fossil fuels by 2050. Additionally, the country is making strides in the transportation sector by promoting electric vehicles and expanding public transportation options.
Denmark's commitment to environmental sustainability is supported by a robust legal framework. The Danish Climate Act (2020) sets the country’s climate goals into law, ensuring that the government will meet its targets for carbon reduction and climate resilience. This act also mandates the establishment of a green transition plan for sectors such as energy, agriculture, and transport, ensuring a comprehensive approach to addressing climate change. Denmark’s Environmental Protection Act provides a regulatory framework for controlling pollution, protecting biodiversity, and managing waste, while also enforcing stringent standards for industries to minimize their environmental impact. Through these laws and its commitment to clean energy, Denmark is positioning itself as a leader in the global transition to a more sustainable, low-carbon future.
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Finland is at the forefront of environmental protection and climate change efforts, with a strong commitment to sustainability and clean energy. The country has set an ambitious goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2035, one of the most aggressive targets globally. To achieve this, Finland is focusing on reducing emissions across various sectors, including energy, transportation, and industry. The country has made significant investments in renewable energy, particularly wind power and biomass, and aims to phase out coal by 2030. Finland is also a leader in energy efficiency and is promoting the use of smart grids and clean technologies to reduce energy consumption.
In addition to its focus on renewable energy, Finland has implemented several important environmental laws. The Finnish Climate Change Act (2015) is a key piece of legislation that sets binding carbon neutrality targets and outlines the steps the country must take to achieve them. The Environmental Protection Act (2000) regulates air quality, waste management, and water protection, ensuring that industries comply with environmental standards to protect the natural environment. Finland also prioritizes biodiversity conservation, with policies that support sustainable forestry practices and the protection of endangered species and ecosystems. Through these laws and policies, Finland is not only addressing climate change but also fostering a sustainable, green economy that serves as a model for other countries.
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The Netherlands is a global leader in environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation, particularly due to its innovative policies and commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The country has set ambitious goals as part of its Climate Agreement, which aims to reduce emissions by 49% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, with a long-term target of net-zero emissions by 2050. The Netherlands is a leader in renewable energy, particularly wind energy, and has invested heavily in both offshore and onshore wind farms. Additionally, the country is expanding its solar energy capacity and promoting energy efficiency across residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The Netherlands is also focusing on a circular economy, which seeks to reduce waste, promote recycling, and ensure that resources are used more sustainably.
To support these efforts, the Netherlands has implemented several laws and policies aimed at protecting the environment and reducing environmental degradation. The Environmental Management Act (Wet Milieubeheer) is a cornerstone piece of legislation that regulates the environmental impact of industrial activities and sets standards for air, water, and soil quality. The Dutch Climate and Energy Implementation Program (CEIP) outlines the government’s strategy for achieving climate targets, focusing on energy efficiency, carbon pricing, and investing in clean technology. Moreover, the Netherlands is actively involved in international climate agreements and often leads the way in advocating for more robust climate policies within the European Union. With a combination of progressive policies and a focus on renewable energy innovation, the Netherlands is working towards a more sustainable future.
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Canada is taking significant steps to address climate change and protect its vast natural landscapes through a combination of policies, laws, and sustainable development practices. One of the country’s most notable efforts is the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change, which was launched in 2016. This framework aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote clean technology, and foster innovation in energy efficiency. Canada has committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, with interim targets to reduce emissions by 40-45% below 2005 levels by 2030. The country is also focusing on increasing its use of renewable energy, with significant investments in hydropower, wind, and solar energy. Additionally, Canada is working on transitioning away from fossil fuels, with policies in place to phase out coal-fired power plants by 2030 and to promote cleaner energy sources in transportation and industry.
Canada’s environmental laws play a crucial role in its conservation efforts. The Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), established in 1999, regulates pollution, waste management, and the protection of ecosystems. It empowers the government to control toxic substances, reduce air and water pollution, and protect biodiversity. Additionally, the Impact Assessment Act (2019) ensures that large-scale development projects undergo thorough environmental assessments to evaluate their potential impact on the environment and Indigenous communities. Canada has also made efforts to protect its forests, wetlands, and biodiversity through the National Parks Act and the Species at Risk Act, which safeguard endangered species and their habitats. Through these efforts, Canada is striving to balance economic development with environmental sustainability and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
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To be clear, almost all of Australia is making solid efforts towards a greener and bluer planet. However, the State of Queensland is leaps and bounds ahead of all other provinces.
The State of Queensland in Australia is making significant strides in environmental protection and climate change mitigation, particularly through its investments in renewable energy and conservation efforts. Queensland is heavily focused on expanding its renewable energy capacity, with the state aiming for 50% of its energy to come from renewable sources by 2030. This includes substantial investments in solar energy (as Queensland enjoys abundant sunshine), wind power, and bioenergy. Additionally, Queensland is dedicated to reducing carbon emissions through policies like the Queensland Climate Transition Strategy, which aims to create a low-carbon economy while ensuring job creation in green sectors. The state is also committed to preserving its unique natural heritage, including the Great Barrier Reef, through various marine conservation and pollution control initiatives.
Queensland has enacted several laws to protect the environment and manage its natural resources. The Environmental Protection Act 1994 is one of the key legislative frameworks, regulating pollution, waste management, and the conservation of ecosystems. The Land Restoration Fund is another important policy initiative aimed at supporting projects that enhance land sustainability, including reforestation, soil restoration, and carbon sequestration. Queensland’s government also works in partnership with Indigenous communities to incorporate traditional knowledge in land management and conservation efforts. Through these initiatives and legal frameworks, Queensland is fostering environmental sustainability and addressing climate change while protecting its biodiversity for future generations.
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Morocco is making significant strides in environmental conservation and climate change mitigation, with a strong focus on renewable energy and sustainability. One of the most notable efforts is the country’s investment in solar energy through the Noor Ouarzazate Solar Complex, which is the world’s largest concentrated solar power plant. Morocco has also set ambitious targets to generate 52% of its energy from renewable sources by 2030, with a focus on solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. These efforts are part of the country's broader strategy to reduce its dependency on fossil fuels, decrease carbon emissions, and position itself as a regional leader in green energy production. Morocco has also committed to reducing energy consumption through energy efficiency programs and transitioning to sustainable urban planning.
Morocco's legal framework for environmental protection includes the Environment and Sustainable Development Charter (Law No. 12-03), which sets the principles for protecting natural resources, managing waste, and ensuring sustainable development across all sectors. The National Climate Plan outlines the country's strategy for adapting to climate change, including measures to improve water management, combat desertification, and protect biodiversity. Morocco is also an active participant in international climate agreements, having hosted COP22 in 2016, where the country pledged to advance global efforts to limit global warming. With these laws and policies, Morocco is working to ensure long-term environmental sustainability and become a key player in the global fight against climate change.
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Ethiopia is making significant strides in environmental conservation and climate change mitigation, with a strong focus on sustainable development and the preservation of natural resources. One of the most notable initiatives is the National Climate Resilience Green Economy Strategy (CRGE), which was adopted in 2011. This strategy aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2025 by promoting sustainable practices across agriculture, forestry, and energy sectors. Ethiopia is also investing in large-scale reforestation programs, with the goal of planting billions of trees to combat deforestation and desertification, protect biodiversity, and enhance carbon sequestration. Additionally, Ethiopia's focus on hydroelectric power has allowed the country to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels while providing clean energy to millions of citizens.
In terms of legal frameworks, the Environmental Protection Management Proclamation (No. 295/2002) provides the foundation for Ethiopia's environmental governance, ensuring that development projects comply with environmental standards to mitigate negative impacts. The law established a comprehensive system for environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and provides guidelines for sustainable land management, water resources, and conservation. Ethiopia has also passed the Forest Development, Conservation, and Utilization Proclamation (No. 542/2007), which regulates forest conservation and sustainable land use. These laws aim to protect the country’s natural resources and biodiversity while fostering a green economy that addresses climate change challenges. Through these efforts, Ethiopia is positioning itself as a leader in climate resilience and environmental protection in Africa.
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